Les États-Unis envisagent d'inscrire sur une liste noire des entreprises chinoises de puces alors que la trêve commerciale vacille

L'administration Trump envisage d'inscrire sur une liste noire plusieurs entreprises chinoises de fabrication de puces, y compris le fabricant de puces ChangXin Memory (CXMT). 

Cependant, certains responsables souhaitent toujours attendre que les deux pays signent leurs accords commerciaux à long terme avant de publier la liste noire commerciale.

SMIC et YMTC de Chine figurent sur la liste noire des exportations commerciales des États-Unis

Le Département du Commerce aurait commencé à compiler une liste, ciblant les filiales de Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC), le plus grand fabricant de puces de Chine, Yangtze Memory Technologies Co (YMTC), son plus grand fabricant de puces mémoire, et ChangXin Memory (CXMT).

Les responsables américains ont longtemps envisagé d'imposer des restrictions à CXMT, compte tenu de sa croissance rapide sur le marché mondial des puces mémoire DRAM. Le fabricant de puces travaille également actuellement à son expansion sur le marché de la mémoire haute bande passante (HBM).

Cependant, cette éventuelle liste noire commerciale pourrait compromettre les efforts visant à conclure un accord commercial à long terme avec la Chine. Ce week-end même, à Genève, en Suisse, les États-Unis et la Chine ont convenu de suspendre leurs tarifs douaniers réciproques pendant 90 jours le temps de négocier un meilleur accord.

Certains responsables gouvernementaux estiment que l'introduction de cette liste noire pourrait nuire ou ralentir les négociations futures. 

D'un autre côté, d'autres responsables de l'administration Trump ont eu recours à des plaintes contre le régime de Biden pour avoir freiné les actions assertives contre la Chine, favorisant ce qu'ils ont qualifié de « diplomatie zombie »

Si les États-Unis procèdent à la publication de la liste noire des exportations, cela pourrait entraver l'accès de la Chine aux puces américaines et aux technologies de fabrication de puces qui lui permettent de moderniser davantage son armée. Les entreprises américaines devraient obtenir l'autorisation du gouvernement avant de vendre à toute entité chinoise figurant sur la liste.

Il est clair que les responsables de la sécurité américains s'inquiètent du fait que la Chine ait eu facilement accès à la technologie américaine, ce qui, selon eux, a stimulé le développement de ses armes hypersoniques et nucléaires.

L'ambassade de Chine aux États-Unis ne s'est pas exprimée directement sur la question mais a récemment commenté : « La Chine s'oppose fermement au dépassement par les États-Unis du concept de sécurité nationale, à l'abus des contrôles à l'exportation et à la blocage et à la répression malveillants de la Chine. »

Trump a averti que les entreprises pourraient faire face à des peines pénales pour l'utilisation de puces Huawei Ascend

Le président Donald Trump a également mis en garde les entreprises mondiales contre l'utilisation de puces IA de Huawei", "affirmant qu'elles pourraient s'exposer à des peines pénales. Le Département du Commerce a publié des directives confirmant que les processeurs Ascend de Huawei relèvent des contrôles à l'exportation, car ils incorporent presque certainement ou ont été produits à l'aide de technologies américaines. »," :"," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : "," , "," : 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Selon le département, les puces Ascend — les 910B, 910C et 910D — sont particulièrement susceptibles d'avoir été conçues à l'aide de logiciels d'origine américaine ou produites avec des équipements de semi-conducteurs dérivés de la technologie américaine, ou les deux.

La Chine a répondu à cette question par l'intermédiaire de la porte-parole du ministère, He Yongqian, qui a qualifié l'annonce de Huawei d'exemple typique d'intimidation unilatérale. Elle a ajouté que les restrictions américaines compromettent gravement les droits et intérêts légitimes des entreprises chinoises, menacent la stabilité de la chaîne d'approvisionnement mondiale en semi-conducteurs et perturbent les normes du marché ainsi que l'ordre économique et commercial international plus large.

De plus, elle a affirmé que les restrictions imposées à l'entreprise technologique nuiraient à leurs relations commerciales.

Le ministère chinois du Commerce a également demandé aux États-Unis de lever leurs tarifs de la section 232 sur les automobiles, l'acier et l'aluminium importés, et de suspendre leur enquête sur les produits pharmaceutiques importés, arguant qu'ils pourraient résoudre leurs différends par le dialogue. Le ministère insiste sur le fait que ces tarifs et ces enquêtes ne font que nuire aux autres pays et sont unilatéraux et protectionnistes.