Amazon shuts down Shanghai AI lab as US groups pull out of China 

Amazon has shut down its Shanghai-based artificial intelligence lab, marking the latest retreat by a major US tech company from Chinese research operations as tensions mount between Washington and Beijing over the future of advanced technologies.

The closure, which affects the Amazon Web Services (AWS) research unit established in 2018, is part of a strategic pullback, with the company citing ongoing internal restructuring.

“We’ve made the difficult business decision to eliminate some roles across particular teams in AWS,” said Amazon spokesperson Brad Glasser. “These decisions are necessary as we continue to invest, hire, and optimise resources.”

Amazon’s six-year run ends amid strategic recalibration

Wang Minjie, a senior scientist at the AWS Shanghai AI lab, confirmed the lab’s closure in a WeChat post, stating that the team was “being dissolved due to strategic adjustments amid US-China tensions.”

Over its six-year tenure, the lab published more than 100 academic papers and developed an open-source neural network framework for graph-based data, which Wang claimed helped generate nearly $1 billion in revenue for Amazon.

The lab also contributed to AWS’s global research output, operating at the intersection of fundamental AI research and cloud infrastructure innovation.

Amazon did not disclose how many employees were affected. However, sources familiar with the matter said the AWS China division once employed over 1,000 people at its peak.

America is pulling out of China

Amazon’s retreat is part of a growing exodus of US technology firms pulling research operations out of China. Earlier this year, Microsoft shut down its Internet of Things and AI Insider Lab in Shanghai, relocating some Chinese-based AI staff to other countries amid escalating restrictions on technology exports.

In 2024, IBM laid off more than 1,000 China-based R&D staff, consolidating research functions outside the country. Also, consultancy giant McKinsey recently barred its China practice from generative AI work following heightened geopolitical scrutiny.

A major reason for these moves can be attributed to the intensification of US export controls aimed at curbing China’s access to advanced semiconductors and AI development tools.

New rules implemented by the Trump administration have restricted Chinese firms and institutions from purchasing cutting-edge chips and using US cloud computing services for AI training.

Domestic competition is rising to fill the gap

While AWS still maintains some commercial activity in China, primarily serving multinationals and local tech firms with global operations, its core research operations have been increasingly constrained.

The Shanghai lab, once positioned as a center of excellence for AI and cloud research, has now become the latest casualty of the tech sector’s global realignment.

Industry analysts suggest the pullbacks could create opportunities for Chinese tech giants to fill the gap. Companies like Baidu, Tencent, and Alibaba have significantly ramped up investment in domestic AI development, including the launch of large language models and dedicated chip design teams.

However, the exodus of foreign labs from China also raises concerns about talent flow and the fragmentation of global tech ecosystems, among others. As national security concerns override commercial logic, the once-global AI research landscape is increasingly being divided across geopolitical lines.